{"id":34683,"date":"2022-01-12T14:46:16","date_gmt":"2022-01-12T13:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/slovnik-pojmov\/"},"modified":"2026-02-03T16:52:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T15:52:18","slug":"slovnik-pojmov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/zakaznicka-zona\/slovnik-pojmov\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovn\u00edk pojmov"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Slovn\u00edk pojmov<\/h1>\n

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Hygrick\u00e1 di\u00f3da<\/h2>\n

Term\u00edn di\u00f3da v tradi\u010dnom zmysle: Di\u00f3da (gr\u00e9cky: di,<\/em> ‘dva’, ‘double’; hodos<\/em> ‘cesta’) je elektronick\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010diastka s dvoma p\u00f3lmi. Term\u00edn di\u00f3da sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako synonymum pre v\u00fdraz \u201enekontrolovan\u00fd usmer\u0148ova\u010d\u201c. Hygrick\u00e1 di\u00f3da je napr. B. membr\u00e1na, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 obmedzuj\u00faci \u00fa\u010dinok na transport vody. Doprava vody je usmernen\u00e1 (jednosmern\u00e1 ulica), preto\u017ee voda m\u00f4\u017ee prech\u00e1dza\u0165 hygrickou di\u00f3dou iba jedn\u00fdm smerom. Hygrick\u00fa di\u00f3du mo\u017eno teda porovna\u0165 s mechanick\u00fdm sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm ventilom, preto\u017ee to umo\u017e\u0148uje prietok hmoty iba v jednom smere.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193477827{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Entropia<\/h2>\n

Entropiu si treba predstavi\u0165 ako veli\u010dinu podobn\u00fa veli\u010dine (energetick\u00fd obsah), ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee tiec\u0165 alebo by\u0165 obsiahnut\u00e1 v teles\u00e1ch: z dvoch inak rovnak\u00fdch telies, to s vy\u0161\u0161ou teplotou obsahuje viac entropie. Ak s\u00fa dve teles\u00e1 s r\u00f4znymi teplotami vo vz\u00e1jomnom kontakte, entropia pr\u00fadi z teplej\u0161ieho do chladnej\u0161ieho telesa; v d\u00f4sledku toho sa teploty oboch telies tie\u017e vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

(Zdroj: Wikipedia)<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193484977{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Premenn\u00e1 otvoren\u00e1 dif\u00fazii<\/h2>\n

Tlak pary vzduchu z\u00e1vis\u00ed od mno\u017estva vody vo vzduchu a od teploty. So st\u00fapaj\u00facou teplotou st\u00fapa aj tlak pary, ak\u00fd pozn\u00e1me z \u010dajovej kanvice, ktor\u00e1 p\u00edska, ke\u010f je voda dostato\u010dne hor\u00faca. Kv\u00f4li vlhkosti a teplot\u00e1m je tlak p\u00e1r vo vn\u00fatri a vonku odli\u0161n\u00fd. Vodn\u00e1 para sa pohybuje od vysok\u00e9ho k n\u00edzkemu tlaku a tento gradient sleduje aj cez vonkaj\u0161iu stenu – difunduje cez \u0148u. V lete sa para pohybuje dovn\u00fatra, v zime smerom von. Preto vonkaj\u0161ie steny v lete vlhn\u00fa a v zime vysychaj\u00fa. Reflexn\u00e1 membr\u00e1na br\u00e1ni v lete migr\u00e1cii vodn\u00fdch p\u00e1r do interi\u00e9ru budovy a v zime u\u013eah\u010duje \u00fanik pary von. V\u010faka tejto vlastnosti (variabilne dif\u00fazne otvoren\u00e1) sa steny st\u00e1vaj\u00fa such\u0161\u00edmi.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193528279{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

IR odraz<\/h2>\n

IR je nevidite\u013en\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 dlhovlnn\u00e9ho tepeln\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia medzi vidite\u013en\u00fdm svetlom a mikrovlnami. Vlnov\u00e9 d\u013a\u017eky infra\u010derven\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia s\u00fa 780 nm a\u017e 1 000 \u00b5m. Rozsah od 3 do 50 \u00b5m sa naz\u00fdva MIR (stredn\u00e9 IR) ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 IR-C. Z nich je relevantn\u00fd rozsah od 9,25 do 11,45 \u00b5m, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 teplot\u00e1m od +40 do -20 \u00b0 C. Tepeln\u00e9 \u017eiarenie sa absorbuje a odr\u00e1\u017ea na neprieh\u013eadn\u00fdch komponentoch (A + R = 1). V reflexnej membr\u00e1ne – na rozdiel od konven\u010dn\u00fdch farieb – prebiehaj\u00fa procesy optickej fyziky (fyzika \u017eiarenia) v\u010faka keramick\u00fdm dut\u00fdm gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkam, ktor\u00e9 sa jednoducho ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako IR odraz. V\u00fdsledkom s\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie a rovnomernej\u0161ie povrchov\u00e9 teploty vo vn\u00fatri a zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 straty s\u00e1lan\u00edm vonku \u2013 teda v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00fd komfort a men\u0161ia spotreba energie na vykurovanie.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193572760{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Konvek\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00fady<\/h2>\n

Term\u00edn konvekcia poch\u00e1dza z neskorej latin\u010diny convectio<\/em> , \u010do mo\u017eno prelo\u017ei\u0165 ako \u201eprinies\u0165\u201c, \u201epren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165\u201c. V tomto oh\u013eade tu pojem popisuje fyzik\u00e1lny pohyb pr\u00fadenia, ktor\u00fd sa odohr\u00e1va v plynnom m\u00e9diu (tekutine) a na druhej strane jav, \u017ee drobn\u00e9 \u010dastice pr\u00fadu so sebou nes\u00fa energiu, ako napr. B. tepeln\u00e1 energia. Konvek\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00fady m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165, ke\u010f sa vzduch v spodnej \u010dasti ob\u00fdva\u010dky ohrieva ohrieva\u010dom, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvor\u00ed teplotn\u00fd rozdiel medzi hornou a spodnou \u010das\u0165ou.<\/p>\n

Tepl\u00e9 \u010dasti pr\u00fadiace nahor sa tu ochladzuj\u00fa a op\u00e4\u0165 klesaj\u00fa. To vytv\u00e1ra konvek\u010dn\u00fd tok. Tento proces prebieha vo vn\u00fatri aj vonku na sten\u00e1ch. Teplo sa pren\u00e1\u0161a dovn\u00fatra na povrch steny a von do okolit\u00e9ho vzduchu.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193635299{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Tepeln\u00e9 mosty<\/h2>\n

Tepeln\u00fd most (\u010dasto hovorovo ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako studen\u00fd most) je oblas\u0165 v komponentoch budovy, cez ktor\u00fa sa teplo pren\u00e1\u0161a von r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako cez susedn\u00e9 komponenty. Rozli\u0161uj\u00fa sa kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 a geometrick\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 mosty. Kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 mosty vznikaj\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom kon\u0161trukci\u00ed s materi\u00e1lmi r\u00f4znej tepelnej vodivosti. Pr\u00edkladom s\u00fa \u017eelezobet\u00f3nov\u00e9 stropn\u00e9 kompozity na vonkaj\u0161ie steny, prstencov\u00e9 kotvy alebo v\u00fdklenky radi\u00e1torov.<\/p>\n

Geometrick\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 mosty vznikaj\u00fa vtedy, ke\u010f vn\u00fatorn\u00fd povrch nie je rovnak\u00fd ako vonkaj\u0161\u00ed povrch, napr\u00edklad v d\u00f4sledku odsaden\u00ed alebo rohov v inak homog\u00e9nnom komponente. Pr\u00edkladom toho je vonkaj\u0161\u00ed roh domu, kde \u010doraz viac chladnej vonkaj\u0161ej steny prich\u00e1dza do pomeru s teplou \u010das\u0165ou vn\u00fatornej steny.<\/p>\n

(Zdroj: Wikipedia)<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193662536{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Zahmlievanie<\/h2>\n

Usadzovanie tmav\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc (\u010dierny prach) na vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch sten\u00e1ch. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa vytv\u00e1ra dojem sadz\u00ed. Pr\u00ed\u010diny zatia\u013e nie s\u00fa objasnen\u00e9. Ke\u010f\u017ee tento efekt nast\u00e1va intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie po\u010das vykurovacej sez\u00f3ny, predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee usadeniny neprchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn (tzv. zm\u00e4k\u010dovadl\u00e1) a in\u00fdch \u017eiari\u010dov s\u00fa rozv\u00edren\u00e9 konvek\u010dn\u00fdmi pr\u00fadmi (pozri: Konvek\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00fady) a usadzuj\u00fa sa na sten\u00e1ch a stropoch.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193724677{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Prenos tepla prenos \/ tepeln\u00e9 straty prenosom<\/h2>\n

Transport (tepelnej) energie medzi oblas\u0165ami s r\u00f4znymi teplotami v d\u00f4sledku vedenia tepla v pevn\u00fdch teles\u00e1ch, ako je stena (molekuly sa navz\u00e1jom zr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa). Tepeln\u00fd tok pr\u00fadi v\u017edy z oblast\u00ed s vy\u0161\u0161ou energiou do oblast\u00ed s ni\u017e\u0161ou energiou, teda tu: z tepla do chladu. Strata energie pri tomto transporte sa tie\u017e ozna\u010duje ako tepeln\u00e1 strata prenosom. Tie s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dinite\u013eom prestupu tepla. \u010eal\u0161ie formy prenosu energie s\u00fa pr\u00fadenie a \u017eiarenie. Prestup je mo\u017en\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm \u017eiarenia na fas\u00e1de.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193752962{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Kapil\u00e1rne su\u0161enie<\/h2>\n

Spr\u00e1vanie kvapal\u00edn v kapil\u00e1rach, tie\u017e zn\u00e1mych ako vlasov\u00e9 trubi\u010dky, sa naz\u00fdva kapil\u00e1rnos\u0165. Ak s\u00fa adh\u00e9zne sily medzi kvapalinou a stenou kapil\u00e1ry v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako s\u00fadr\u017en\u00e9 sily medzi molekulami kvapaliny, kvapalina \u201evtek\u00e1\u201c do kapil\u00e1ry aj proti gravita\u010dnej sile a t\u00fdm s\u00fa kapil\u00e1ry tesnej\u0161ie. Ak sa t\u00fdmto procesom doprav\u00ed kvapalina z materi\u00e1lu (napr. muriva) na povrch, kde sa n\u00e1sledne vypar\u00ed, hovor\u00edme o kapil\u00e1rnom vysychan\u00ed. Vonkaj\u0161ia omietka m\u00e1 jemnej\u0161\u00ed kapil\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m ako murivo, reflexn\u00e1 membr\u00e1na m\u00e1 jemnej\u0161\u00ed kapil\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m ako vonkaj\u0161ia omietka. Vznikaj\u00fa tak usmernen\u00e9 transporty, v\u00fdsledkom s\u00fa such\u0161ie steny.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193782235{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Endotermick\u00e9 procesy<\/h2>\n

Synonymum pre procesy prebiehaj\u00face v n\u00e1teroch ClimateCoating<\/em> \u00ae<\/em> , ktor\u00e9 prebiehaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne v z\u00e1vislosti od vonkaj\u0161\u00edch vplyvov, ako je teplota a vlhkos\u0165. V ch\u00e9mii endotermick\u00fd znamen\u00e1, \u017ee energia je absorbovan\u00e1 alebo z\u00edskan\u00e1.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193815973{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Hrani\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty svetlosti<\/h2>\n

Referen\u010dn\u00e1 hodnota svetlosti je miera odrazu ur\u010ditej farby medzi \u010diernou = 0 a bielou = 100. Ud\u00e1va, ako \u010faleko je pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd farebn\u00fd t\u00f3n od \u010dierneho alebo bieleho bodu z h\u013eadiska jeho jasu. Vo farebn\u00fdch ventil\u00e1toroch je hodnota svetlosti uveden\u00e1 ved\u013ea \u010d\u00edsla farby. Pre referen\u010dn\u00fa hodnotu jasu nie je rozhoduj\u00faci stupe\u0148 lesku ani pou\u017eit\u00e9 spojivo, ale iba druh a \u00farove\u0148 farebnej pigment\u00e1cie.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193850797{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

Reflexn\u00e1 membr\u00e1na<\/h2>\n

je komplexn\u00fd pojem pre kvalitn\u00fa disperziu, obohaten\u00fa len o 20-120 mikrometrov ve\u013ek\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 dut\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky a aktiv\u00e1tory, ktor\u00e9 v spojen\u00ed s monolitick\u00fdm murivom sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa vz\u00e1jomne z\u00e1visl\u00e9 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 procesy v stavebnej fyzike. Tie maj\u00fa pozit\u00edvny vplyv na transport vlhkosti a tepla a t\u00fdm aj na energetick\u00fa bilanciu.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” background_animation=”none” padding_bottom=”45″ css_animation=””][vc_column width=”1\/4″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”3\/4″][vc_column_text] Slovn\u00edk pojmov [\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=”normal” border_style=”” down=”30″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1612193303298{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”] Hygrick\u00e1 di\u00f3da Term\u00edn di\u00f3da v tradi\u010dnom zmysle: Di\u00f3da (gr\u00e9cky: di, ‘dva’, ‘double’; hodos ‘cesta’) je elektronick\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010diastka s dvoma p\u00f3lmi. Term\u00edn di\u00f3da sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako synonymum…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":61496,"menu_order":690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-34683","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34683"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63060,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34683\/revisions\/63060"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatecoating.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}